عکس‌العمل عملکرد کمی و کیفی کلزا به سیستم‌های مختلف کوددهی در تناوب زراعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج

2 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر روش‌های افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک بر عملکرد و کیفیت دانه کلزا  (Brassica napus L.)رقم طلایه در تناوب زراعی، یک آزمایش مزرعه‌ای طی سه سال‌ زراعی 87-86، 88-87 و 89-88 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی گریزه سنندج انجام گردید. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. سه تناوب مختلف زراعی شامل نخود- آفتابگردان - گندم - کلزا (R1)، کود سبز - نخود - کود سبز - گندم - کود سبز - کلزا (R2) و کلزا-کلزا-کلزا (R3) به عنوان عامل اصلی در نظر گرفته شدند. شش روش تامین کود پایه شامل کود دامی (N1)، کمپوست (N2)، کود شیمیایی (N3)، کمپوست+ کود دامی (N4)، کمپوست+ کود دامی+ کود شیمیایی (N5) و تیمار شاهد (N6) به عنوان سطوح عامل فرعی تعیین شدند و چهار ترکیب کود‌های زیستی شامل: باکتری‌های باسیلوس لنتوس و سودوموناس پوتیدا (B1)، قارچ تریکودرما هارزیانوم (B2)، باکتری‌های باسیلوس و سودوموناس + قارچ تریکودرما (B3) و تیمار شاهد (بدون قارچ و باکتری) (B4) به عنوان سطوح عامل فرعی - فرعی انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تناوب زراعی، منابع مختلف کود پایه و زیستی و اثر متقابل آن‌ها بر عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار است. در تناوب R2 بیشترین عملکرد دانه کلزا تولید گردید. کاربرد توام کود‌های آلی و شیمیایی همراه با کود‌های زیستی (N5B3) نیز عملکرد دانه را افزایش داد. کلروفیل برگ به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر تناوب، روش‌های مختلف کود دهی و اثر متقابل آن‌ها قرار گرفت. بیشترین میزان نیتروژن دانه (9/38 میلی‌گرم در گرم) و کمترین نسبت (N/S) در تیمار N5 به دست آمد. کود‌های پایه تأثیر معنی‌داری بر درصد روغن و عملکرد روغن دانه داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of Canola Yield Quantity and Quality to Different Methods of Fertilization in Crop Rotation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kh Mohammadi 1
  • A Ghalavand 2
  • M Aghaalikhani 2
  • A Rokhzadi 1
  • B Pasari 1
  • SA Mohammad Modares Sanavy 2
  • M Eskandari 2
  • M Javaheri 1
  • G Heidari 3
  • Y Sohrabi 3
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of crop rotation and different systems of soil fertility on grain yield and quality of canola (Talayeh cultivar), an experiment was conducted at experimental farm of Agricultural Research Center of Sanandaj in 2008 - 2010 growing seasons. Experimental designs were arranged in split-split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Main plot consisted three crop rotation, (R1): Chickpea, Sunflower, Wheat, Canola; (R2): Green manure, Chickpea, Green manure, Wheat, Green manure, Canola; (R3): Canola, Canola, Canola. Sub plots consisted of five strategies for obtaining the basal fertilizers requirement that included (N1): farm yard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): farm yard manure + compost and (N5): farm yard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers; and control (N6). Sub-Sub plots consisted four levels of biofertilizers: (B1): Bacillus lentus and Pseudomonas putida; (B2): Trichoderma harzianum; (B3): Bacillus lentus and Pseudomonas putida & Trichoderma harzianum; and (B4): control, (without biofertilizers). Results showed that rotation, basal fertilizers, biofertilizers and interactions of them have significant effects on grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained from R2N5B3 treatment, that organic and chemical fertilizers were co applied. Crop rotation, basal fertilizers, biofertilizers and interactions of them have a significant effect on leaf chlorophyll. The highest nitrogen content (38.9 mg/g) and least amount of (N/S) were obtained from N5B3 treatment. Crop rotation, basal fertilizers and biofertilizers have a significant effect on oil percent and oil yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biofertilizer
  • Canola
  • Crop rotation
  • Oil
  • Organic Fertilizer

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 21، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
اردیبهشت 1390
صفحه 87-103

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