اثر گیاهان پوششی تابستانه و فاصله ردیف بر مدیریت علف‌های هرز و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد باقلا (Vicia faba L )

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان.

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: این مطالعه به‌منظور بررسی اثر بقایای گیاهان پوششی تابستانه و فواصل بین ردیف باقلا بر جمعیت علف‌های هرز، عملکرد واجزای عملکرد باقلا (رقم برکت) انجام گرفته است.

مواد و روش ها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کرتهای دو بار خرد شده در سه تکرار در مرکز خدمات کشاورزی شهرستان بندرگز در تیرماه 1398 انجام شد. نوع گیاهان پوششی ( ماش، ارزن و بدون گیاه پوششی)، فاصله بین ردیف باقلا ( 25، 35، 45 و 55 سانتی متر) و تداخل علف های هرز ( وجین و عدم وجین) به ترتیب در کرت اصلی، فرعی و فرعی فرعی قرار گرفتند.

یافته ها: استفاده از بقایای گیاه پوششی ماش و ارزن به خصوص ارزن در کاهش تراکم و وزن خشک علف‌های هرز موثر بود. بیشترین تعداد غلاف در متر مربع در در بقایای گیاه پوششی ارزن در فاصله بین ردیف ۲۵سانتیمتری و وجین علفهای هرز مشاهده شد. بیشترین و کمترین وزن صد دانه به ترتیب در بقایای ارزن و بدون گیاه پوششی دیده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط عدم وجین و وجین علف‌های هرز، بقایای ارزن به ترتیب با 12/2870 و 43/5049 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه را به خود اختصاص دادند.

نتیجه گیری: نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان می دهد که استفاده از بقایای گیاهان پوششی به تنهایی قادر به کنترل کامل علفهای هرز نیست و کاهش فواصل بین ردیف در تلفیق با کاشت گیاهان پوششی می تواند نقش موثری در کنترل علفهای هرز و بهبود عملکرد گیاه زراعی داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of summer cover crops and row spacing on weed management and yield and components yield of bean (Vicia faba L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmat Bai 1
  • Javid Gherekhloo 1
  • Hossein Kazemi 2
1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of summer cover crop residues and row spacing of faba bean on weed population, yield and components yield of faba bean (Barakat cultivar).

Materials and Methods: experiment was conducted as factorial based on split-split-plot design with three replications in Bandar-Gaz Service Center in June-July 2019. The order of cover crops (mung bean, millet, and no cover crop), row spacing of faba bean (25, 35, 45, and 55 plant per m2), and interference of weeds (weeding and no weeding) were placed in the main plot, subplot, and sub subplot, respectively.

Results: The use of mung bean and millet cover crop residues, especially millet, were effective in reducing density and dry matter of weeds. the highest number of pods per plant was recorded in millet cover crop residues in row spacing of 55 cm row and weeding treatment.The highest and lowest 100-seed weight were observed in millet residues and no cover crop treatments, respectively. The results showed that millet residues in no weeding and weeding condition had the highest grain yield with 2870.12 and 5049.43 kg.ha-1, respectively.

Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the use of cover crop residues alone is not able to completely control weeds. Reducing row spacing in combination with planting of cover crops can play an effective role in controlling weeds and improving crop yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ecological management of weeds
  • millet
  • mung bean
  • summer cover crops
  • residual mulch
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