بررسی رشد و نمو و عملکرد ارقام غالب ذرت دانه ای به سطوح مختلف نیتروژن در راستای مدیریت پایدار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

2 سیستان و بلوچستان-سراوان- مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان- گروه تولیدات گیاهی

چکیده

اهداف: با توجه به نگرانی‌های روزافزون در رابطه با اثرات مخرب زیست محیطی ناشی از مصرف زیاد کودهای نیتروژنی و همچنین هزینه‌ی اقتصادی بالای تامین این کودها، تحقیق حاضر در راستای مقایسه‌ی رشد و عملکرد سه رقم رایج ذرت در پاسخ به مقادیر مختلف نیتروژن در شرایط اقلیمی نیمه خشک استان کرمان در راستای مدیریت پایدار مزارع اجرا گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش مزرعه‌ای طی دو سال زراعی 1393 و 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان انجام گرفت. این تحقیق در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها شامل سه رقم ذرت دانه‌ای (سینگل‌کراس 704، ماکسیما و تری‌وی‌کراس 604) و چهار مقدار نیتروژن (0، 92، 220 و 368 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل حاکی از تاثیر معنی‌دار (P<0.01) هر کدام از عوامل مقدار نیتروژن و رقم بر صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد ذرت بود. دو رقم سینگل کراس 704 و ماکسیما دارای برتری نسبی و معنی‌دار از نظر عملکرد دانه‌ در مقایسه با رقم تری‌وی‌کراس 604 تحت شرایط وجود یا عدم وجود تنش نیتروژن بودند. به طور کلی در سال 1394، عملکرد تولیدی توسط تمامی رقمها به دلیل تخلیه‌ی نتیروژن اولیه خاک (در نتیجه کاشت ذرت به عنوان یک گیاه تخلیه کننده خاک) و همین‌طور میزان بالای آبشویی خاک (به دلیل درصد بالای شن در بافت خاک) به طور قابل ملاحظه‌ای کمتر از سال 1393 بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Growth, Development and Yield of Maize Cultivars for Sustainable Nitrogen Management

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Madadizadeh 1
  • Seyed Reza Amiri 2
1 Department of Agroecology., Environmental Science Research Institute, University of Shahid Beheshti, G.C., 1983963113 Tehran, Iran
2 Higher Educational Complex of Saravan, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. Box 9951634145, Saravan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective: Therefore, due to the increasing concerns about the destructive environmental effects of high consumption of nitrogen fertilizers and also the high economic cost of supplying these fertilizers, the present study was done to evaluate the growth, development and yield of three common maize cultivars in Response to different amounts of nitrogen in semi-arid climatic conditions of Kerman province
Materials & Methods: A two-year experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments and three replications during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons at Kerman province in Iran. Four nitrogen rates (0 (control), 92, 220 and 368 kg ha-1) were applied to three maize hybrids (KSC 704, Maxima and TWC 604).
Results: Results showed both hybrid and nitrogen had significant (P<0.01) effect on morphology, biological and grain yield of maize. We found the significant yield benefits of KSC 704 and Maxima compared to TWC 604 under N stress as well as potential conditions. However, the grain yield of all hybrids was lower in 2015 than 2014 which was a consequence of depletion of soil N as a result of previous maize on one side and light texture of the soil (consisting about 85% sand) on the other side which led to high N leaching from the soil. The highest and lowest values for grain yield was observed at 368 kg N ha-1 (12359.3 kg ha-1) in 2014 and 0 kg N ha-1 in 2015 (640 kg ha-1) respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological yield
  • Morphology
  • leaf area
  • seed
  • Ear
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