تغییرات صفات فیزیولوژیکی، محصول دانه و روغن خردل سیاه (Brassica nigra L.) در واکنش به محلول‌پاشی پوترسین تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف پوترسین روی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و تولید روغن دانه‌های خردل سیاه (Brassica nigra L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی در سال 1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز اجرا شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار پیاده گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل فواصل آبیاری (I1، I2،I3 و I4: به ترتیب آبیاری پس از 70، 100، 130 و 160 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A) و محلول‌پاشی پوترسین (Pu0، Pu1، Pu2: به ترتیب آب‌پاشی، 50 و 100 میکرومولار پوترسین) به ترتیب به کرت‌های اصلی و فرعی اختصاص یافتند.
یافته‌ها: بر اثر تنش شدید خشکی درصد پوشش سبز، شاخص کلروفیل برگ، کارآیی فتوسیستم II، محتوای آب برگ، اجزای محصول، محصول دانه و محصول روغن کاهش، ولی دمای برگ و نشت الکترولیت‌ها به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. محلول‌پاشی پوترسین به ویژه با غلظت 50 میکرومولار در سطوح مختلف آبیاری موجب بهبود همه این صفات شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: خردل سیاه تنش ملایم کمبود آب را تحمل می‌نماید، ولی تنش شدید موجب افت قابل توجه محصول دانه و روغن آن می‌گردد. محلول‌پاشی پوترسین با غلظت 50 میکرومولار به عنوان تیمار مناسب برای بهبود تحمل خشکی، تولید دانه و روغن خردل سیاه توصیه می‌شود. بنابراین، کاربرد پوترسین می‌تواند موجب کاهش قابل ملاخظه آسیب‌های ناشی از تنش خشکی در گیاهان گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in physiological traits, grain and oil yields of black mustard (Brassica nigra L.) in response to foliar application of putrescine under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani
  • Leila Abbasi
  • Roghayeh Solhi-khajehmarjan
Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz,, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: In order to investigate the effect of different levels of putrescine on physiological traits and oil production of Black mustard grains (Brassica nigra L.) under drought stress, an experiment was conducted in 2019 at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was laid out as split plot on the basis of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments including irrigation intervals (I1, I2, I3 and I4: irrigation after 70, 100, 130, and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan, respectively) and putrescine foliar application (Pu0, Pu1, Pu2: foliar spray of water and 50 and 100 µM putrescine, respectively) were assigned to the main and sub-plots, respectively.
Results: Green cover percentage, leaf chlorophyll index, photosystem II efficiency, leaf water content, yield components, grain yield and oil yield were decreased, but leaf temperature and electrolyte leakage were significantly increased as a consequence of severe drought stress. Foliar application of putrescine, especially at a concentration of 50 µM improved all of these traits under different irrigation levels.
Conclusion: Black mustard tolerates mild water deficit, but Severe stress causes a considerable decline in grain and oil yields. Foliar application of putrescine at a concentration of 50 µM is recommended as a suitable treatment to improve drought tolerance grain and oil production of black mustard. Therefore, application of putrescine can considerably reduce drought injuries on plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Putrescine
  • Black mustard
  • Chlorophyll index
  • Oil content
  • Electrolyte leakage
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