ارزیابی اثر منابع مختلف کودی بر عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه و روغن کاملینا (Camelina sativa L.) در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 استاد دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

5 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: مدیریت کود و آبیاری از عوامل مهم در کشت کاملینا در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی می‌باشند. هدف از این آزمایش دستیابی به بهترین ترکیب کودی برای افزایش عملکرد، کیفیت علوفه و اسیدهای چرب دانه کاملینا در سطوح مختلف آبیاری در راستای کشاورزی پایدار است.

مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در دو سال زراعی بـه صـورت اسـپلیت پـلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای دیم، یکبار آبیاری و دوبار آبیاری به عنوان کرت‌های اصلی و تیمارهای کودهای شیمیایی، کودهای آلی-زیستی و شاهد (بدون کود) کرت‌های فرعی بودند. در این آزمایش خصوصیات کمی و کیفی علوفه، دانه کاملینا و میزان اسیدهای چرب دانه اندازه‌گیری شدند.

یافته‌ها: کاربرد کودهای آلی- زیستی و شیمیایی موجب افزایش معنادار قابلیت هضم، چربی خام و خاکستر علوفه گردید. بیشترین عملکرد خشک علوفه (4/2122 و 5/2018 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به ترتیب از تیمارهای کود شیمیایی و کود آلی-زیستی و بالاترین میزان عملکرد دانه از تیمار دوبار آبیاری تکمیلی و استفاده از کود شیمیایی به‌دست آمد. استفاده از کود آلی-زیستی، موجب افزایش 49/25 درصدی عملکرد کاملینا در شرایط دیم گردید. کود آلی-زیستی در تمام سطوح آبیاری بیش‌ترین تأثیر بر پالمیتیک اسید، اسیداستئاریک، ایکوزادیانوئیک اسید نسبت به کاربرد کود شیمیایی داشت.

نتیجه‌گیری: اگرچه کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی در شرایط دوبار آبیاری، بیشترین تأثیر را بر صفات کاملینا داشت ولی استفاده از کودهای آلی-زیستی تحت شرایط دیم و یا کم‌آبیاری را می‌توان به‌دلیل افزایش قابل ملاحظه عملکرد دانه، کیفیت علوفه و ترکیب مناسب اسیدهای چرب روغن کاملینا در منطقه مورد آزمایش توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of different fertilizer sources effect on yield, forage quality and oil of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) under water deficit stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Aminbaigi 1
  • Jalal Jalilian 2
  • Hamidreaz Chaghazardi 3
  • Danial Kahrizi 4
  • razieh khalilzadeh 5
1 Ph.D. Student of Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
5 Ph.D. Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective:
Fertilizer management and irrigation are important factors in camellia cultivation at water deficit stress condition. The purpose of this experiment is to obtain the best fertilizer composition for increase yield, forage quality, and fatty acid of camellia seed at different irrigation levels for sustainable agriculture.
Materials & Methods:
This 2-years experiment were performed in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 as a split-plot based on RCBD with four replications. The main plots included: rainfed, once irrigation, and twice irrigation. The sub-plots included: chemical fertilizers, bio-organic and control (without fertilizer). In this experiment, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage and camellia seeds and the amount of fatty acids of camellina seed were determined.
Results:
The application of bio-organic and chemical fertilizers significantly increased dry matter digestibility, crude fat, and forage ash. The highest yield of dry forage (2122.4 and 2018.5 kg ha-1) was obtained from chemical fertilizer and bio-organic treatments respectively, and the highest grain yield (2018.9 kg ha-1) was obtained from twice irrigation treatments and the use of chemical fertilizer. The use of bio-organic fertilizers increased camelina yield by 25.49% in rainfed conditions. Bio-organic fertilizers at all levels of irrigation had the greatest effect on palmitic acid, stearic acid, eicosadienoic acid compared to the chemical fertilizers.
Conclusion:
Although use of chemical fertilizers under twice irrigation showed the highest effect on camellina traits, but use of bio-organic fertilizers under rainfed or low irrigation conditions can be recommended due to a significant increase in grain yield, forage quality and fatty acid composition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fatty acids
  • Proteins
  • Irrigation levels
  • Yield
  • Fertilizer
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