تسریع رشد پاییزه و بهبود عملکرد کلزا (Brassica napus L.) با تیمار قارچ تریکودرما برای تعویق زمان کاشت در اقلیم‌های سرد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی

2 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات بیماری های گیاهان، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: مطالعه به‌منظور بررسی امکان تعویق زمان کاشت پاییزه کلزا از20 شهریور تا 19 مهر ماه در اقلیم‌های سرد با افزایش رشد روزت بوته‌ها برای تحمل به سرمای بهتر و افزایش عملکرد دانه با استفاده از قارچ تریکودرما انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش در ایستگاه خسروشاه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی طی سال زراعی 1401-1400 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بود. فاکتور اصلی تاریخ کاشت در چهار سطح: 20 و 30 شهریور و 9 و 19 مهر ماه و فاکتور فرعی تیمار قارچ تریکودرما (Trichoderma harzianum) در سه سطح: شاهد (بدون تیمار)، تیمار بذر و تیمار خاک بودند. در این مطالعه ژنوتیپ پاییزه احمدی به‌کار رفت.
یافته‌ها: تعویق زمان کاشت پاییزه کلزا از20 شهریور تا 19 مهر ماه در اقلیم سرد آذربایجان شرقی باعث کاهش غلظت کلروفیل برگ‌ها، سرعت رشد بوته‌ها و افزایش درصد سرمازدگی بوته‌ها و افت معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه و روغن و اجزای عملکرد دانه گردید. تیمار بذر و خاک مزرعه با قارچ تریکودرما باعث افزایش مقادیر صفات مذکور شد ولی این تغییرات در تیمار بذر با قارچ تریکودرما به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود. در صورت تیمار بذر با قارچ، میانگین عملکرد دانه در زمان کاشت 20 شهریور ماه 1005 و 19 مهر ماه 613 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: تیمار بذر با قارچ تریکودرما با افزایش رشد پاییزه و کاهش درصد سرمازدگی بوته‌ها باعث افزایش معنی-دار عملکرد دانه در کشت‌های پاییزه به‌هنگام و دیرهنگام کلزا در اقلیم‌ سرد گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Accelerating fall growth and improving the yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) via Trichoderma fungi treatment for delaying planting time in cold climates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahman Pasban Eslam 1
  • Laleh Naraghi 2
1 عضو هیات علمی-دانشیار
2 Associate Professor- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: The goals of the study were to consider the possibility of delaying planting time of fall safflower from 11 September to 11 October in cold climates via increasing rosette plants growth for suitable cold tolerance and enhancing seed yield by using trichoderma fungi.
Methods and Materials: An experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the Khosrowshah station of East Azarbaijan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center during the 2021-22 cropping season. The experimental factors included planting time (11 and 21 September and 1 and 11 October), and trichoderma fungi (Trichoderma harzianum) treatment included control, soil and seed treatments. The Ahmadi as a fall rapeseed genotype was used during the study.
Results: Delaying the planting time from 11 September to 11 October led to diminishing leaf chlorophyll concentration, plant growth rate and increasing plant cold damage percentage and a significant decrease in seed and oil yields and seed yield components. The treatment of the soil and seed with trichoderma fungi increased the mentioned yield related traits, but these increases were significantly higher in seed treatment plots. The mean of the seed yield increased by 1005 and 613 Kg h-1 in 11 September and 11 December planting times respectively in the case of treating seeds by trichoderma fungi.
Conclusion: The rapeseed treatment with trichoderma fungi increased rosette plants growth, decreased cold damage percentage and increased seed yield significantly in early and late season cultivations at cold climate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cold damage
  • Leaf chlorophyll
  • Planting time
  • Rosette stage
  • Seed yield

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 33، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 19-31

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