Abbaspour H, Saeidi-Sar S, Afshari H and Abdel-Wahhab MA. 2012. Tolerance of mycorrhiza infected pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedling to drought stress under glasshouse conditions. Journal of Plant Physioly, 169(7): 704–709.
Abdelaziz M, Abdelsattar M, Abdeldaym E, Atia M, Mahmoud A, Saad M and Heribert H. 2019. Piriformospora indica alters Na+/K+ homeostasis, antioxidant enzymes and LeNHX1 expression of greenhouse tomato grown under salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 256: 108532.
Ahanger MA and Agarwal RM. 2017. Salinity stress induced alterations in antioxidant metabolism and nitrogen assimilation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) as influenced by potassium supplementation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 115: 449-460.
Ahmad B. 2014. Interactive effects of silicon and potassium nitrate in improving salt tolerance of wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13(9): 1889-1899.
Ahmad Z, Anjum S, Waraich EA, Ayub MA, Ahmad T, Tariq RMS, Ahmad R and Iqbal MA. 2018. Growth, physiology, and biochemical activities of plant responses with foliar potassium application under drought stress–a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(13): 1734-1743.
Ahmadvand G and Hajinia S. 2018. Effect of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on yield and some physiological traits of millet (Panicum miliaceum) under water stress. Crop Pasture Science, 69 (6): 594–605.
Aksu G and Altay H, 2020. The effects of potassium applications on drought stress in sugar beet. Sugar Tech, 22(6):1092-1102.
Alloway BJ. 2004. Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition. Int. Zinc Assoc. (IZA), Belgium, 128p.
Amiri R, Nikbakht A and Etemadi N. 2015. Alleviation of drought stress on rose geranium [Pelargonium graveolens (L.) Herit.] in terms of antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites by mycorrhizal inoculation. Scientia Horticulturae, 197: 373–380.
Arora M, Saxena P, Abdin MZ and Varma A. 2020. Interaction between Piriformospora indica and Azotobacter chroococcum diminish the effect of salt stress in Artemisia annua L. by enhancing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Symbiosis, 80(1): 61-73.
Asgharipour MR and Heidari M. 2011. Effect of potassium supply on drought resistance in sorghum: plant growth and macronutrient content. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4893: 197–204.
Azizi M, Fard E and Ghabooli M. 2021. Piriformospora indica affect drought tolerance by regulation of genes expression and some morphophysiological parameters in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 287: 110260
Bahrami-Rad S and Hajiboland R. 2017. Effect of potassium application in drought-stressed tobacco (Nicotiana rustica L.) plants: Comparison of root with foliar application. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 62(2): 121-130.
Bajaj R, Hu W, Huang Y, Chen S, Prasad R, Varma A and Bushley E. 2015. The beneficial root endophyte Piriformospora indica reduces egg density of the soybean cyst nematode. Biological Control, 90:193-199.
Bao AK, Wang SM, Wu GQ, Xi JJ, Zhang JL and Wang CM. 2009. Overexpression of the Arabidopsis H+-PPase enhanced resistance to salt and drought stress in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Plant Science, 176(2): 232–240.
Barrs HD and Weatherley PE. 1962. A re-examination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficits in leaves. Australian journal of biological sciences, 15 (3): 413-428.
Bates LS, Walderd RP and Teare ID. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil, 39: 205-208.
Gallego SM, Benavides MP and Tomaro ML. 1996. Effect of heavy metal ion excess on sunflower leaves: evidence for involvement of oxidative stress. Plant Science, 121(2): 151-159.
Cakmak I. 2005. The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168(4): 521–530.
Cappellari L, Chiappero J, Palermo TB, Giordano W and Banchio E. 2020. Volatile organic compounds from rhizobacteria increase the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and improve the antioxidant status in Mentha piperita L. grown under salt stress, Agronomy, 10: 1094.
Ferreira LC, Cataneo AC, Remaeh LMR, Corniani N, de Fátima Fumis T, de Souza YA, Scavroni J and Soares BJA. 2010. Nitric oxide reduces oxidative stress generated by lactofen in soybean plants. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 97(1): 47-54.
Chance B and Maehly AC. 1955. Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods in Enzymology, 2: 764–775.
Cheng C, Li D, Wang B, Liao B, Qu P, Liu W, Zhang Y and Lü P. 2022. Piriformospora indica colonization promotes the root growth of Dimocarpus longan seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae, 301: 111137.
Davies J. Olalde-Portugal V, Aguilera-Gomez L, Alvarado MJ, Ferrera-Cerrato RC and Boutton TW. 2002. Alleviation of drought stress of Chile ancho pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) with arbuscular mycorrhiza indigenous to Mexico. Scientia Horticulturae, 92(3-4): 347-359.
Dief HES, Hashem ESA, Fawzan S and El-Sayed AS. 2021. Alleviation of salt stress in Triticum aestivum by biopriming with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 24(1): 103-116.
Ershadi A, Karimi R and Naderi Mahdei K. 2016. Freezing tolerance and its relationship with soluble carbohydrates, proline and water content in 12 grapevine cultivars. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 38(1): 1-10.
Farkhondeh R, Nabizadeh E and Jalilnezhad N. 2012. Effect of salinity stress on proline content, membrane stability and water relations in two sugarbeet cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture Research, 2(5): 385-392.
Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi N, Fujita D and Basra S. 2009. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. In Sustainable agriculture, 153-188.
Fattahi M, Bonfill M, Fattahi B, Torras-Claveria L, Sefidkon F, Cusido RM and Palazon J. 2016. Secondary metabolites profiling of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss at three phenological stages using uni-and multivariate methods. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 3(4): 177-185.
Fayez AK and Bazaid AS. 2014. Improving drought and salinity tolerance in barley by application of salicylic acid and potassium nitrate. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 13: 45–55.
Fayez KA, Radwan DEM and Mohamed AK. 2014. Fusilade herbicide causes alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure, pigment content and physiological activities of peanut leaves. Photosynthetica, 52: 548–554.
Fernández V and Brown PH. 2013. From plant surface to plant metabolism: the uncertain fate of foliar-applied nutrients. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4: 289.
Fiasconaroa ML, Lovatoa, ME. Antolin MC, Clementia LA, Torres N, Gervasioa S and Martina CA. 2019. Role of proline accumulation on fruit quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown with a K-rich compost under drought conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 249: 280–288.
Forde B and Lorenzo H. 2001. The nutritional control of root development. Plant Soil, 232: 51–68.
Garcia-Marti M, Carmen Pinero M, Garcia-Sanchez F, Mestre TC, Lopez-Delacalle M, Martinez V and Rivero RM. 2019. Amelioration of the oxidative stress generated by simple or combined abiotic stress through the K+ and Ca2+ supplementation in tomato plants. Antioxidants 8(4): 81.
Ghabooli M and Kaboosi E. 2022. Alleviation of the adverse effects of drought stress using a desert adapted endophytic fungus and glucose in tomato. Rhizosphere, 21: 100481.
Ghabooli M, Hosseini salekdeh G and Sepehri M. 2015. The Effect of Mycorrhiza-like Fungus Piriformospora indica on Some Morphophysiological Traits of Rice under Normal and Drought Stress Conditions. Plant Production Technology, 7(1): 59-69.
Ghabooli M, Khatabi B, Ahmadi FS, Sepehri M, Mirzaei M, Amirkhani A and Salekdeh GH. 2013. Proteomics study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying water stress tolerance induced by Piriformospora indica in barley. Journal of Proteomics, 94: 289-301.
Ghabooli M, Lorestani S, Movahedi Z and Karimi R. 2018. An evaluation of fungus Piriformospora indica effects on some morphophysiological traits of valerine under drought stress. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 13(50): 41-52 (In Persian).
Gupta PK and Gupta P. 1999. Soil, plant, water and fertilizer analysis, Agro Botanica. Hare PD and Cress WA.
Maswada HF, Sunoj VS and Prasad PV. 2021. A comparative study on the effect of seed pre-sowing treatments with microwave radiation and salicylic acid in alleviating the drought-induced damage in wheat. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 40(1): 48-66.
Izadi F, Ghabooli M, Rostami M and Movahedi Z. 2021. Evaluation of fungus Piriformospora indica Effects on Some Morphophysiological Traits of Radish under Heavy Metal Stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31(3): 117-129 (In Persian).
Jafari M, Yari M, Ghabooli M, Sepehri M, Ghasemi E and Jonker A. 2018. Inoculation and co-inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms (Piriformospora indica, Glomus intraradices and Sinorhizobium meliloti) affect molecular structures, nutrient profiles and availability of hay for ruminants. Animal nutrition, 4(1): 90-99.
Jan M, Anwar ul Haq M, ul Haq T, Ali A, Hussain S and Ibrahim M. 2020. Protective effect of potassium application on NaCl induced stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) genotypes. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 43(13):1988-1998.
Kaboosi E, Ghabooli M and Karimi R. 2022. Piriformospora indica inoculants enhance flowering, yield, and physiological characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in different growth phases. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 12(3): 4183-4194.
Karimi F, Sepehri M, Afuni M and Hajabbasi M. 2015. Effect of Endophytic Fungus, Piriformospora indica, on Barley Resistance to Lead. Isfahan University of Technology, 19 (71): 311-321 (In Persian).
Khalid M, Hassani D, Liao J, Xiong X, Bilal M and Huang D. 2018. An endosymbiont Piriformospora indica reduces adverse effects of salinity by regulating cation transporter genes, phytohormones, and antioxidants in Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis. Environmental and experimental botany, 153: 89-99.
Khalid M, Rahman SU and Huang DF. 2019. Molecular mechanism underlying Piriformospora indica-mediated plant improvement/protection for sustainable agriculture. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 51(3): 229-242.
Kilam D, Saifi M, Abdin MZ, Agnihotri A and Varma A. 2015. Combined effects of Piriformospora indica and Azotobacter chroococcum enhance plant growth, antioxidant potential and steviol glycoside content in Stevia rebaudiana. Symbiosis, 66(3): 149-156.
Kord H, Fakheri B, Ghabooli M, Solouki M, Emamjomeh A, Khatabi B, Sepehri M, Salekdeh GH and Ghaffari MR. 2019. Salinity-associated microRNAs and their potential roles in mediating salt tolerance in rice colonized by the endophytic root fungus Piriformospora indica. Functional & integrative genomics, 19(4): 659-672.
Mafakheri S, Asghari B and Nikjuyan M. 2018. Effect of nano zinc chelate on morpho-physiological and phytochemical chracteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss in drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 49(3): 755-767 (in Persian).
Mubarak MU, Zahir M, Ahmad S and Wakeel A. 2016. Sugar beet yield and industrial sugar contents improved by potassium fertilization under scarce and adequate moisture conditions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 15(11): 2620-2626.
Munsif F, Shah T, Arif M, Jehangir M, Afridi MZ, Ahmad I, Jan BL and Alansi S. 2022. Combined effect of salicylic acid and potassium mitigates drought stress through the modulation of physio-biochemical attributes and key antioxidants in wheat. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(6): 103294.
Nakano Y and Asada K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidases in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiology, 22: 867–880.
Nanda R and Agrawal V. 2018. Piriformospora indica, an excellent system for heavy metal sequestration and amelioration of oxidative stress and DNA damage in Cassia angustifolia Vahl under copper stress. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 156: 409-419.
Prasad R, Kamal S, Sharma PK, Oelmüller R and Varma A. 2013. Root endophyte Piriformospora indica DSM 11827 alters plant morphology, enhances biomass and antioxidant activity of medicinal plant Bacopa monniera. Journal of basic microbiology, 53(12): 1016-1024.
Rahimi A, Dovlati B, Amirnia R and Heydarzade S. 2019. Effect of application of mycorrhizal fungus and Azotobacter on physiological characteristics of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. under water stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 11(4): 1-18 (in Persian).
Reshna OP, Beena R, Joy M, Viji MM and Roy S. 2022. Elucidating the effect of growth promoting endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica for seedling stage salinity tolerance in contrasting rice genotypes. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 1-16.
Rouphael Y, Raimondi G, Lucini L, Carillo P, Kyriacou MC, Colla G, Cirillo V, Pannico A, El-Nakhel C and De Pascale S. 2018. Physiological and metabolic responses triggered by omeprazole improve tomato plant tolerance to NaCl stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9: 249.
Samarah NH, Alqudah AM, Amayreh JA and McAndrews GM. 2009. The effect of late‐terminal drought stress on yield components of four barley cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 195:427-441.
Saraswathi SG and Paliwal K. 2011. Drought induced changes in growth, leaf gas exchange and biomass production in Albizia lebbeck and Cassia siamea seedlings. Journal of Environmental Biology, 32(2): 173-178.
Shahabivand S, Parvaneh A and Aliloo AA. 2017. Root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica affected growth, cadmium partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence of sunflower under cadmium toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 145: 496-502.
Shanker AK, Cervantes C, Loza-Tavera H and Avudainayagam S. 2005. Chromium toxicity in plants. Environment international, 31(5): 739-753.
Sharma P, Kharkwal AC, Abdin MZ and Varma A. 2016. Piriformospora indica-mediated salinity tolerance in Aloe vera plantlets. Symbiosis, 72:103–115.
Siddique MRB, Hamid A and Islam MS. 2001. Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 41: 35–39.
Su ZZ, Wang T, Shrivastava N, Chen YY, Liu X, Sun C, Yin Y, Gao QK and Lou BG. 2017. Piriformospora indica promotes growth, seed yield and quality of Brassica napus L. Microbiological research, 199: 29-39.
Sun C, Johnson JM, Cai D, Sherameti I, Oelmüller R and Lou B. 2010. Piriformospora indica confers drought tolerance in Chinese cabbage leaves by stimulating antioxidant enzymes, the expression of drought-related genes and the plastid-localized CAS protein. Journal of plant physiology, 167(12): 1009-1017.
Tsai HJ, Shao KH, Chan MT, Cheng CP, Yeh KW, Oelmüller R and Wang SJ. 2020. Piriformospora indica symbiosis improves water stress tolerance of rice through regulating stomata behavior and ROS scavenging systems. Plant signaling & behavior, 15(2): 1722447.
Varma A, Verma S, Sahay N, Bütehorn B and Franken P. 1999. Piriformospora indica, a cultivable plant-growth-promoting root endophyte. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 65: 2741-2744.
Velikova V and Loreto F. 2005. On the relationship between isoprene emission and thermotolerance in Phragmites australis leaves exposed to high temperatures and during the recovery from a heat stress. Plant, cell and environment, 28(3): 318-327.
Waller F, Achatz B, Baltruschat H, Fodor J, Becker K, Fischer M, Heier T, Hückelhoven R, Neumann C, Von Wettstein D and Franken P. 2005. The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica reprograms barley to salt-stress tolerance, disease resistance, and higher yield. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(38): 13386-13391.
Wang XG, Zhao HZX, Jiang JC, Li HC, Cong S, Wu D, Chen, YQ, Yu, HQ and Wang CY. 2015. Effects of potassium deficiency on photosynthesis and photoprotection mechanisms in soybean (Glycine max L.). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14: 856–863.
Wang ZL and Huang BR. 2004. Physiological recovery of Kentucky bluegrass from simultaneous drought and heat stress. Crop Science, 44: 1729–1736.
Waraich EA, Ahmad R, Halim A and Aziz T. 2012. Alleviation of temperature stress by nutrient management in crop plants: a review. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 12: 221–244.
Wu C, Li B, Wei Q, Pan R and Zhang W, 2019. Endophytic fungus Serendipita indica increased nutrition absorption and biomass accumulation in Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings under low phosphate. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39(1): 21-29.
Xu Z, Pehlivan N, Ghorbani A and Wu C. 2022. Effects of Azorhizobium caulinodans and Piriformospora indica Co-Inoculation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under Salt Stress. Horticulturae, 8(4): 302.
Zahoor R, Zhao W, Abid M, Dong H and Zhou Z. 2017. Potassium application regulates nitrogen metabolism and osmotic adjustment in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) functional leaf under drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 215: 30–38.
Zhang W, Wang J, Xu L, Wang A, Huang L, Du H, Qiu L and Oelmüller R. 2018. Drought stress responses in maize are diminished by Piriformospora indica. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 13(1): 1414121.