بررسی تأثیر تنش کم‏آبیاری بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام امیدبخش آفتابگردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

اهداف:پژوهش حاضر به‏منظور شناخت و بررسی ویژگی‏های مربوط به رشد و عملکرد و نیز سازگاری آفتابگردان به‏خصوص در رابطه با شرایط کم‏آبی، اجرا گردید.

مواد و روش‏ها: این پژوهش به‏صورت کرت‏های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و با دو عامل: آبیاری به‏عنوان عامل اصلی و رقم به‏عنوان عامل فرعی در مزرعه آزمایشی مرکز تحقیقات صفی‏آباد انجام گرفت.

یافته‏ها: بررسی میانگین‏ها نشان داد، تنش کم‏آبیاری شدید موجب کاهش 03/19 و 97/26، 34/24 و 08/45 درصد به‏ترتیب در ارتفاع ساقه، قطر ساقه، قطر طبق و عملکرد بیولوژیک گردیده است. عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد دانه ارقام آفتابگردان نیز تحت تأثیر تنش کم‏آبیاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و نتایج به‏دست آمده نشان از کاهش 69/45، 94/49 و 50 درصدی، به‏ترتیب در تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن دانه‏ها در طبق و عملکرد دانه داشت. از سوی دیگر، درصد روغن دانه هم تحت تأثیر کم‏آبیاری به‏میزان 67/26 درصد کاهش پیدا کرد. رقم اسکار در تیمار شاهد با میانگین عملکرد دانه 34/5 تن در هکتار و رقم شکیرا در شرایط تنش کم‏آبیاری شدید با میانگین عملکرد دانه 67/2 تن در هکتار، به‏ترتیب بیش‏ترین و کم‏ترین عملکرد دانه در هکتار را تولید نمودند،

نتیجه‏گیری: علی‏رغم مقاومت نسبی آفتابگردان به تنش کم‏آبی، حداکثر عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبیاری نرمال تولید می‏گردد. در نهایت نیز ارقام فلیکس و لاباد با توجه به عملکرد دانه بالا و حفظ عملکرد در شرایط تنش کم‏آبیاری به‏عنوان ارقام پُر محصول و سازگار به منطقۀ دزفول و مناطق مشابه پیشنهاد می‏گردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation the effect of low irrigation stress on the quantitative and qualitative yield of promising sunflower cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davoud omidinasab 1
  • Moosa Meskarbashee 2
  • Afrasiab Rahnama Ghahfarokhi 3
1 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2 Professor Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics,Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
3 Associate Professor Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics,Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: this research was carried out in order to recognition and evaluate the characteristics related to growth and yield as well as the adaptation of sunflower especially in relation to dehydration conditions.

Materials and Methods: This research carried as a split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replication and with two factor: irrigation as the main factor and cultivar as sub - factor were performed in the experimental farm of Safiabad Research Center.

Results: Evaluation of means showed, severe irrigation low stress caused a decrease of 19.03, 26.97, 24.34 and 45.08 % respectively in stem height, stem diameter, head diameter and biological yield. Yield and grain yield components of sunflower cultivars also evalouation under the influence of low irrigation stress and the results show a decrease of 45.69, 49.94 and 50 %, respectively in number of grains/head, grain weight/head and grain yield. On the other hand, the percentage of grain oil decreased enough 26.67% under the influence of low irrigation. Oscar cultivar in control treatment with average grain yield of 5.34 t/ha and Shakira cultivar in severe irrigation low stress conditions with average grain yield 2.67 t/ha, respectively produced the highest and lowest grain yield/ha.

Conclusion: despite relative resistance sunflower dehydration stress, maximum grain yield is produced under normal irrigation conditions. Finally, Felix and Labad cultivars according to high grain yield and maintaining yield in conditions of low irrigation stress they are recommended as high yield and compatible cultivars in Dezful region and similar regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • Percentage oil
  • Dehydration
  • cultivar
  • Felix
  • Labad
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