ارزیابی رشد و جذب عناصر غذایی در گوجه‌فرنگی با تلقیح جدایه‌های سودوموناس و سطوح معدنی پتاسیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بیولوژی و بیوتکنولوژی خاک، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

پتاسیم یکی از عناصر غذایی ضروری پرمصرف برای گیاهان است که نقش مهمی در رشد گیاه و همچنین کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی دارد. در این پژوهش توانایی پنج جدایه میکروبی Pseudomonas spp. از باکتری‌های آزادکننده پتاسیم شاملS6-6 ، S10-3، S14-3، S19-1و S21-1 بر بهبود رشد و افزایش جذب پتاسیم توسط گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی در خاک با پتاسیم قابل استفاده پایین (کمتر از 200 میلی‌گرم در گیلوگرم) و در شرایط غیراستریل و با حضور ریزجانداران بومی خاک بررسی شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. فاکتور اول شامل تلقیح باکتریایی (5 جدایه و نمونه شاهد) و فاکتور دوم شامل سه سطح کود پتاسیمی بدون کود، 50 درصد توصیه شده (150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و 100 درصد میزان توصیه شده (300 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن تر و خشک بخش هوایی (47/53 و 68/7گرم در گلدان) با مصرف پتاسیم 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد و با مصرف 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود کاهش پیدا کرد. اثر باکتری بر عملکرد، شاخص کلروفیل، جذب پتاسیم، غلظت فسفر، آهن، روی، منیزیم و کلسیم معنی‌دار بود. حداکثر میانگین وزن تر بخش هوایی در جدایه S6-6 (76/54 گرم در گلدان) مشاهده شد. جدایه‌های S14-3 (2/1 گرم در گلدان)، S19-1 (18/1 گرم در گلدان) و S21-1(16/1 گرم در گلدان) دارای بیشترین میانگین وزن خشک ریشه و همچنین مقدار پتاسیم ریشه بودند. دو جدایه S21-1و S14-3به لحاظ تغذیه‌ای نسبت به سایر جدایه‌ها بهتر عمل کردند.بیشترین غلظت فسفر، آهن بخش هوایی و غلظت منیزیم و فسفر ریشه متعلق به S21-1 بود. S14-3 بیشترین غلظت منیزیم و فسفر بخش هوایی را داشت. جدایه‌های باکتری در سطح 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود پتاسیم عملکرد بهتری داشتند و بیشترین میانگین وزن تر و خشک بخش هوایی متعلق به جدایه S6-6 (066/62 و 203/9 گرم در گلدان) در سطح 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود پتاسیم بود.
 
 
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluting the Nutrient Uptake and Tomato Growth by Pseudomonads Isolates and Mineral Potassium levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masumieh Deilamirad 1
  • Mohammad Reza Sarikhani 1
  • Shahen گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز 2
چکیده [English]

Potassium is an essential macronutrient for plants that plays many important roles in the plant growth and development as well as in the quality of crops. In this study the effect of five bacterial strains belong to Pseudomonas genus including S6-6, S10-3, S14-3, S19-1 and S21-1 were assessed on the growth and K uptake by tomato plant in the non-sterile soil with low available potassium (less than 200 mg.kg-1). The experiment was conducted factorial based on CRD with three replications. The first factor consisted of bacterial inoculum (5 strains and control) and the second factor consisted of three levels of potassium fertilizer, 0 kg.ha-1, 50% (150 kg.ha-1) and 100% of the recommended amount (300 kg.ha-1), respectively. The results showed that maximum amount of wet and dry weight was gained at 50% of K fertilizer, while with application of K (300 kg.ha-1) fertilizer it was decreased. The main effects of bacteria were significant on yield, chlorophyll index, content of K, the concentration of P, Fe, Zn, Mg and Ca. The highest amount of wet and dry weight of shoot was obtained with S6-6 (54.76 g.pot-1 and 7.76 g.pot-1). The highest amount of root dry weight was measured with S14-3 (1.2 g.pot-1), S19-1 (1.17 g.pot-1) and S21-1 (1.16 g.pot-1). From the nutritional view of point two isolates, S21-1 and S14-3 were better than the other isolates. The highest concentration of shoot P, Fe and concentration of root Mg and P belonged to the S21-1. The highest concentration of shoot Mg and P was by the S14-3. All the bacterial strains at 50% level of K fertilizer (150 kg.ha-1) had better yield and maximum wet and dry weight of shoot was measured with strain S6-6 (62.066 g.pot-1 and 9.203 g.pot-1) at 150 kg.ha-1 level of K fertilizer.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Potassium
  • Potassium Releasing Bacteria
  • Pseudomonas
  • Tomato
  • Uptake of Nutrients
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