تاثیر کودهای آلی بر صفات مورفولوژیک، درصد و ترکیبات اسانس گیاه دارویی ریحان (.Ocimum basilicum L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه باغبانی- دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 گروه علوم باغبانی- دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

4 گروه علوم باغبانی- دانشگاه خلیج فارسی بوشهر

5 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

مصرف کودهای آلی در نظام کشاورزی پایدار، علاوه بر کاهش خطرات زیست­محیطی ناشی از کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی، از طریق بهبود خواص فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیک خاک موجب پایداری تولید محصولات کشاورزی می‌گردد. به منظور بررسی تاثیر کودهای آلی ورمی کمپوست و کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ بر صفات مورفولوژیک، درصد اسانس و اجزای اسانس گیاه دارویی ریحان، آزمایشی به صورت گلدانی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل نسبت­های حجمی صفر (شاهد)، 10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 درصد از ورمی­کمپوست و کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ در دو حالت شسته شده و شسته نشده بود.  نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقادیر وزن تر بوته، تعداد و سطح برگ، وزن خشک برگ، تعداد ساقه های اصلی و کلروفیل در تیمارهای حاوی 30 و 40 درصد کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ در حالت شسته شده مشاهده شد که به طور معنی داری بیشتر از تیمار شاهد بودند، در حالی که بیشترین مقادیر ارتفاع و وزن خشک بوته ها، وزن تر و وزن خشک ریشه، وزن خشک ساقه و درصد اسانس در تیمارهای حاوی نسبت­های 20 و 30 درصد حجمی ورمی­کمپوست ثبت شد. نتایج نشان داد که در گیاهان کشت شده در بسترهای حاوی درصدهای مختلف کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ درحالت شسته شده، بیشترین درصد ترکیبات میرسین، گاما مورولن، بتاپینن و یوجینال حاصل شد. در این پژوهش کاربرد کودهای آلی در مقایسه با شاهد همه صفات مورد مطالعه، برتری معنی‌داری را نشان دادند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Organic Fertilizers on Morphological Traits, Essential Oil Content and Components of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Rahmanian 1
  • Behrooz Esmaielpour 2
  • Javad Hadian 3
  • Malek Hossein Shahriari 4
  • Hamideh Fatemi 5
چکیده [English]

The useage of organic fertilizer in a sustainable agricultural system could reduce the environmental risks associated with the use of chemical fertilizers by improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils that will result in sustainable production. Therefore, it seems necessary to assessing the impact of organic fertilizers on growth and yield of crops. In this study, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design,University of Mohaghegh Ardabili to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers including vermicompost and spent mushroom compost on morphological traits and essential oil of basil. Treatments included zero (control), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 percent of vermicompost and spent mushroom compost in both washed and unwashed cases. The results of this study showed thatthe maximum of fresh weight of bush, leaves numbers, leaf area, leaf dry weight, number of main stems and chlorophyll were observed in plant cultivation medium supplemented with 30 and 40 percent of washed spent mushroom compost that were significantly more than the control treatment. While, the major amount of plant were height and bush dry weight, stem dry weight, root fresh and dry weight and percent of essential oil were recorded in treatments containing 20 and 30% of vermicompost. The results showed that the use of organic fertilizers increased essential oil composition in basil. So that the highest percentage of myrcene, beta-pinene, eugenol and gama-muurolene were obtained in plants grown in substrate containing different percentages of washed mushroom compost. In this study on the most traits, the use of organic fertilizers showed a significant effect compared to the control.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Vermicompost
  • Washed Spent Mushroom Compost
  • Ocimum basilicum
  • Morphological Traits
  • Essential Oil
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