اثر گیاهان پوششی و منابع کودی مختلف بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی ذرت و توانایی رقابت آن با علف‌های هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

چکیده
ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ از اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز در ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽروﻧﺪ. به منظور بررسی توان رقابتی گیاهان پوششی لگوم و غیرلگوم در برابر علف­‌های هرز ذرت، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه آموزشی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری انجام شد. تیمار­های آزمایشی شامل دو گیاه پوششی سویا و گندم در سه سطح کودی (بدون کود، کود شیمیایی و کمپوست قارچ) به همراه دو تیمار شاهد تک‌­کشتی ذرت (عاری و آلوده به علف­‌های هرز) بود. بر اساس نتایج، سویا نسبت به گندم دارای ارتفاع و عرض کانوپی و همچنین ماده خشک بیشتری بود و به دلیل ساختار کانوپی وسیع­‌تر و سایه­اندازی بیشتر دارای قدرت رقابت بالاتر می‌­باشد. کمترین عملکرد دانه ذرت (2733 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به تیمار شاهد آلوده به علف هرز و بیشترین مقدار آن (12124 و 8351 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به ترتیب مربوط به تیمار شاهد عاری از علف هرز و کشت ذرت همراه با گیاه پوششی سویا و کود کمپوست بود. افزودن کمپوست و کود شیمیایی در هر دو گیاه پوششی باعث تولید عملکرد بیشتری نسبت به شرایط بدون کود شد. از آنجا که گیاه پوششی سویا توانست رشد مطلوبی داشته باشد و استفاده از آن همراه با کاربرد کود کمپوست باعث ایجاد بیشترین میزان شاخص تحمل و شاخص رقابت بود، لذا می­توان با استفاده از این گیاه پوششی و همچنین کاربرد کمپوست در راستای نیل به کشاورزی پایدار به مدیریت با علف­های هرز پرداخت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Cover Crop and Different Fertilizer Resources on Morphological Traits and Competitive Ability of Corn with Weeds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fahimeh Dadashi 1
  • Faezeh Zaefarian 1
  • Rahmat Abbasi 1
  • Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar 2
چکیده [English]

Abstract
       Cover crops are an effective tool in the non-chemical weed management in sustainable agriculture. In order to evaluate the competitive ability of legume and nonlegume cover crops in interference with weeds in corn field, an experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Treatments included two cover crop (wheat and soybean) and three fertilizer treatments (no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and compost). Monoculture of corn with weed infestation and weed free was used as controls. According to results, morphological characteristics of cover crops, soybean had more height, canopy width and dry matter than wheat, so, soybeans plants due to greater canopy structure and more shading has more competition ability than wheat. The lowest yield of corn was 2733 Kg.ha-1 in control with weed infestation and the highest one was 12124 and 8351 Kg.ha-1 in control with weed free and planting corn with soybean and compost, respectively. Compost and chemical fertilizer produced more corn yield than no fertilizer in both cover crops. As soybean cover crop with compost had the highest CI and AWC, so can be suitable cover crop for weed competition in sustainable agriculture.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable Agriculture
  • Competition Ability
  • Compost
  • Cover Crop
  • Non-Chemical Weed Management
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