مقایسه جمعیت شته باقلا و دشمنان طبیعی آن و عملکرد در کشت مخلوط باقلا (Vicia faba) و همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

  به منظور بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط باقلا و همیشه بهار بر جمعیت شته باقلا، طرح آزمایشی به صورت بلوک کامل تصادفی اجرا شد، هفت تیمار آزمایشی شامل تیمارهای 100 درصد باقلا، 100 درصد همیشه بهار، 50 درصد همیشه بهار و 50 درصد باقلا، 35 درصد همیشه بهار و 65 درصد باقلا، 35 درصد باقلا و 65 درصد همیشه بهار، 25 درصد همیشه بهار و 75 درصد باقلا و 25 درصد باقلا و 75 درصد همیشه بهار در سه تکرار بود. نتایج نشان داد  که تراکم پوره­های شته در الگوهای کشت مختلف، از 4/15 پوره در کشت 35 درصد همیشه بهار و 65 درصد باقلا، تا 125 پوره در کشت  100 درصد باقلا، نوسان داشت. میانگین جمعیت حشرات کامل باقلا روی الگوهای کشت مختلف اختلاف معنی­داری را نشان داد؛ به طوری که کشت خالص باقلا بیشترین جمعیت و کشت 50 درصد همیشه بهار و 50 درصد باقلا، کمترین تعداد شته بالغ را داشتند. هم­چنین بیشترین تعداد دشمنان طبیعی در کشت­های ردیفی مشاهده شد. یافته­های این پژوهش نشان داد که غنای گونه­ای گیاهان عامل مهم بر افزایش غنای گونه و فراوانی کل حشرات است. بیشترین میانگین عملکرد دانه در واحد سطح ( 2/250 گرم در متر مربع) در کشت خالص باقلا مشاهده شد. در بین تیمارهای مخلوط بیشترین عملکرد دانه (2/234 گرم در متر مربع) مربوط به الگوی کشت، 25 درصد همیشه بهار و 75 درصد باقلا بود. بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین (32/1) در تیمار 25 درصد باقلا و 65 درصد همیشه بهار به دست آمد. همچنین نسبت برابری زمین در همه تیمارها بالاتر از یک بود که نشان می­دهد کشت مخلوط بر کشت خالص برتری دارد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Population of Aphis fabae and its Natural Enemies and Yield in Intercrop-ping of Faba Bean (Vicia faba) and Marigold (Calendula officinalis)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Solmaz Azimi
  • nahid vaez
Department of Plant Protection, faculty of Agriculter, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran. s_azimi2007@yahoo.com
چکیده [English]

The effect of marigold-faba bean intercropping on population of Aphis fabae, was studied by an experiment as rhandomized complete block design with seven treatments including Vicia faba sole cropping, Calendula officinalis sole cropping, 50 percentage Calendula and 50 percentage faba bean intercropping,  35 percentage Calendula and 65 percentage faba bean, 35 percentage faba bean and 75 percentage intercropping Calendula, 25 percentage Calendula and 75 percentage faba bean intercropping and 75 percentage Calendula and 25 percentage faba bean in three replications. The results revealed that nymph densities in examined treatments range from 15.4 nymph on 35 percentage faba bean and 75 percentage intercropping Calendula to 125 nymph on Vicia faba sole treatment. Adult density was evaluated in which the highest population of adults in faba bean sole cropping and the lowest population in T3 tratment were recorded. The result as well indicated that the most of population of natural enemies were shown in intercropping treatment. Results showed that species richness of crops is an important strategy to increase the species diversity of insects. Maximum seed yield were achieved at sol cropping with 250.2 g.m-2. Highest seed yield were achieved at 25 percentage Calendula and 75 percentage faba bean intercropping with 234.2 g.m-2. The greatest land eqiuvalant ratio (1.32) was obtained in 75 percentage Calendula and 25 percentage faba bean treatment. Land eqiuvalant ratios for all intercropping patterns were greater than 1, showing the higher efficiency and profitiability of intercropping compared to sole cropping.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aphis
  • Grain Yield
  • Land Eqiuvalent Ratio
  • Marigold
  • Medicinal Plant
Allahdadi M, Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A, Shakiba MR and Amini R, 2015. Evaluation of competition, yield quantity and quality of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill.) and calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) in intercropping systems. Journal of Agroecology, 7(1): 38-51. (In Persian).
Allahdadi M, Shakiba MR, Dabbagh MohamadiNasab A and Amini R, 2013. Evaluation of yield and advantages of soybean (Glycine max L.) and Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) intercropping system. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 2(3): 47-58. (In Persian).
Amani Machiani M, Javanmard A, Shekari F, 2017.  The effect of intercropping patterns on peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) dry biomass yield and essential oil content and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seed yield. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 7(3): 79-97.
Amini R, Shamayeli M and Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A, 2014. Yield and relative advantage of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping under different patterns with soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) and corn (Zea mays L.) in Tabriz condition. Journal of Agroecology, 6(3): 529-541. (In Persian).
Bashyal LN, 2011. Response of cauliflower to nitrogen fixing biofertilizer and graded levels of nitrogen. Journal of Agricultur and Environment, 12: 41-50.
Bender DA, Morrison WS and Frisbie RE, 1999. Intercropping cabbage and Indian mustard for potential control of lepidopterous and other insects. Hort Science, 34(2): 275-279.
Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nassab A, Amini R and Tamari E. 2015. Evaluation of maize and three cultivars of common bean intercropping with application of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 25: 99-113. (In Persian).
Dahmardeh M, Ghanbri A, Syahsar BA and Ramroudi M, 2011. Evalution of forage yield and protein content of maize and cowpea intercropping. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 4: 658-670.
Gliessman SR, 1997. Agroecology: Ecological Processes in sustainable agriculture. Arobr Press, 357 p.
Hasanzadeh E, Rezazadeh Sh, Shamsa F, Dolat abadi R, and Zarringhalam J, 2010. An overview of therapeutic and phytochemical properties of fenugreek. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 34: 1-13.
Koocheki A, Shabahang J, Khorramdel A, Ghafouri A, 2012. Row intercropping of borage with bean on possible evaluating of the best stripwidth and assessing of its ecological characteristic. Agroecology, 2(1): 1-11. (In Persian).
Mabudi Bilesuar H and Zehtab Salmasi S, 2016. Evaluation of Yield and Advantages of Corn (Zea mays L.) and Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Intercropping. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 27(1): 1-11. (In Persian).
Mardani F, Balouchi H, 2015. Effects of intercropping on the yield and some quantitative and qualitative traits of fenugreek and Anise. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 25(2): 1-16. (In Persian).
Mazaheri D, 1998. Intercropping. Tehran University Press, 262 pages, (In Persian).
Mirhashemi SM, Koocheki A, Parsa M, Nassiri M, 2009. Evaluation the benefit of Ajowan and fenugreek intercropping in different levels of manure and planting pattern. Iranian Jouranal Of Field Crops Research, 1: 269-279. (In Persian).
Park CH, Chae SC, Park SY, Kim JK, Al-Dhabi NA, Park SU, 2015. Anthocyanin and carotenoid content in different cultivars of chrysanthemum flower. Molecules. 11090-11102.
Rezaei-chiyaneh E, Valizadegan O, Tajbakhsh M, Dabbagh Mohammadi A, Rimaz, V, 2013. Evaluation of agronomical yield and insect diversity at different intercropping patterns of bean and dill. Agricultural Crop Management. 16(2): 353-368.
Rezai-Chiyaneh, A, 2008. Ecophysiologic evaluation of maize and faba bean intercropping. Msc. Thesis, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian)
Rostaei M, Fallah S and AbbasiSorki A, 2014. Effects of fertilizer sources on growth, yield and yield components of fenugreek intercropped with black cumin. Electronic Journal of crop production, 7(4): 197-222. (In Persian).
Safari-Ghalee S, 2010. Evaluation of yield and advantage of maize and soybean intercropping. Msc. Thesis, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Sakhavi S, Amini R, Shakiba MR, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nasab A, 2017a. Advantage of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) intercropping under organic, biological and chemical fertilizer treatments. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 26(4): 17-32. (In Persian).
Sakhavi S, Amini R, Shakiba MR, Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nasab A, 2017b. Effect of bio- and chemical fertilizers on grain and essential oil yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in intercropping with faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 27(2): 49-63. (In Persian).
Selvakumar GM, Lenin P, Ravimycin T, 2009. Response of biofertilizers on the growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Recent Research in Science and Technology. 1(4): 169-175.
Seraj AA, 2011. Priciples of plant pests control. Shahid Chamran University Press. 492.
Shokati Amrollah B, 2012. The effects of different mixed culture patterns on growth yield and essential oil of fenugreek and Dill. MSc. thesis, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. (In Persian).
Vafadar-Yengeje L, Amini R, Dabbagh mohammdi Nasab A. 2018a. Assessment of growth characteristics and yield of moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica) under different fertilizer treatments in intercropping with faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 28(2): 35-51. (In Persian).
Vafadar-Yengeje L, Amini R, Dabbagh mohammdi Nasab A. 2018b. Yield and yield components of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in intercropping with moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica) under organic and chemical fertilizers. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 27(4): 121-136. (In Persian).
Valizadegan A, 2015.  Study  of  yield  quality  and  quantity  in  pot  marigold  (Calendula  officinalis  L.) and chickpea (Cicer  arietinum  L.) and species diversity and reltive abundance of insects in  row and strip intercropping. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 25(3): 15-30. (In Persian).
Vandermeer JH, 1989. The Ecology of intercropping, Cambridge, University Press, 297 p.
Vijayasarathy V Sharma L and Prakash A, 1981. Indigenous drug treatment for hemorrhoids. Probe.
20: 285-287.
Wang W, Liu y, Chen J, Xianglong J, Zhou H and Wang G, 2009. Impact of intercropping aphid-resistant wheat cultivars with oilseed rape on wheat aphid and its natural enemies. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29:186-191.