اثر تنش خشکی و کشت تأخیری بر عملکرد دانه، روغن و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب ارقام کلزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

2 دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

3 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

     به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و کشت تأخیری بر عملکرد دانه، روغن و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب دانه در ارقام پاییزه کلزا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت ‌پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 95-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج اجرا گردید. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح شامل20 مهر (کشت معمول) و 5 آبان (کشت تأخیری)، آبیاری در دو سطح شامل آبیاری کامل (شاهد) و تنش خشکی (قطع آبیاری از مرحله خورجین‌دهی) و نیز ارقام و هیبریدهای پاییزه کلزا شامل Neptune, Elvise, Okapi, Tassilo, GKH0224, GKH2624, GKH3705 بودند. نتایج نشان داد که با قطع آبیاری در مرحله خورجین­دهی، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن، تعداد دانه در خورجین، تعداد خورجین در بوته، محتوای کلروفیل، میزان اولئیک‌اسید و لینولئیک‌اسید کاهش ولی میزان اسید چرب اروسیک واسید‌پالمتیک افزایش یافت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (5354 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد روغن (2443 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شرایط آبیاری کامل و تاریخ کاشت معمول و کمترین در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله خورجین‌دهی و کشت تأخیری به‌د‌ست آمد. بیشترین میزان اسید‌پالمتیک در کشت تأخیری در رقم GKH3705 در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله خورجین‌دهی و کمترین آن در تاریخ کاشت معمول، رقم Neptune در شرایط آبیاری کامل به‌دست آمد. از نظر تعداد دانه در خورجین، عملکرد روغن، میزان اسیدهای چرب اولئیک و لینولئیک و محتوای کلروفیل، رقم GKH3705 مناسب‌ترین رقم بود. با توجه به نتایج، در تاریخ کاشت تأخیری، رقم GKH3705 در شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی توصیه می شود.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Drought Stress and Delay Cultivation on Grain Yield, Oil Yield and Fatty Acids Composition in Canola

نویسندگان [English]

  • Laia Moradbeigi 1
  • Ahmad gholami 2
  • Amir Hossein Shirani-Rad 3
  • Hamid Abbasdokht 2
  • Hamid Reza Asghari 2
چکیده [English]

     In order to study the effects of drought stress and delayed cultivation on grain yield, oil yield and grain fatty acid composition in canola at autumn Cultivars, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot and as Randomized Complete Block Design (CRBD) with three replications in Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute of Karaj, Iran in 2014-2016. Experimental treatments were included sowing dates in two levels included 20th of October (normal cultivation) and 5th of November (delayed cultivation), Irrigation in 2 levels included: full irrigation (control) and drought stress (irrigation withholding in pod formation) as well as hybrids and canola autumn cultivars included Neptune, Elvise, Okapi, Tassilo, GKH0224, GKH2624 and GKH3705. Results showed that irrigation withholding in pod formation stage decreased Seed yield, oil yield, and number of grain per pod, number of pods per plant, chlorophyll content, oleic acid, and Linoleic acid content. Whereas erucic acid and palmitic acid content were increased. The highest grain yield (5354 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (2443 kg.ha-1) were in full irrigation and normal cultivation. And the lowest of them were observed in irrigation withholding in pod formation stage and delayed cultivation. The highest content of palmitic acid was observed in GKH3705 cultivar, sowing date of delayed cultivation and irrigation withholding in pod formation stage. Also the minimum amount of it was obtained in normal cultivation, Neptune cultivar under full irrigation conditions. The cultivar of GKH3705 was the most appropriate in terms of the number of seeds per pod, oil yield, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and chlorophyll content. According to the results, on delayed cultivation and the GKH3705 cultivar under normal irrigation and drought stress can be recommended.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Erucic Acid
  • Irrigation Withholding
  • Linoleic Acid
  • Sowing Date
  • Yield
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