تأثیر سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک و کود NPK بر عملکرد و کیفیت ریزغدههای دو رقم سیب‌زمینی در منطقه اردبیل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد آستارا

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد آستارا

3 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل

چکیده

این تحقیق برای بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک و ترکیب کود NPK بر صفات کمی و کیفی ریزغده‌های دو رقم سیب‌زمینی (Solanumtuberosum L.) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی شرکت کشاورزی زرع گستر آرتا در منطقه اردبیل در سال 1395 اجرا شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول شامل سه سطح اسید هیومیک (صفر، 200 و 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، فاکتور دوم شامل ترکیب کود NPK 20-20-20 در دو سطح صفر (شاهد) و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار و فاکتور سوم ریزغده‌ دو رقم سیب‌زمینی به نام آگریا و اسپیریت بود. براساس نتایج ارقام سیب‌زمینی و سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک از نظر کلیه صفات موردبررسی با هم تفاوت معنا­دار داشتند. اثر کود شیمیایی (NPK)، بر کلیه صفات ‌به غیر از تعداد ساقه اصلی در بوته و تعداد غده در بوته موردبررسی معنادار بود. اثر متقابل رقم×اسید هیومیک از نظر ارتفاع بوته و تعداد ساقه اصلی، اثر متقابل رقم × NPK فقط ازنظر ارتفاع بوته و اثر متقابل اسید هیومیک×NPK از نظر ارتفاع بوته، وزن غده در بوته، عملکرد غده کل و قابل‌فروش معنادار بود. اثر متقابل رقم×اسید هیومیک×NPK نیز فقط از نظر وزن غده در بوته، عملکرد کل و قابل‌فروش و درصد ماده خشک غده معنادار بود. مقایسه میانگین اثرات ساده نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد غده در بوته، جرم مخصوص و درصد نشاسته با مصرف 400 کیلوگرم اسید هیومیک و بیشترین جرم مخصوص و درصد نشاسته در سطح کودی 50 کیلوگرم NPK بدست ‌آمد. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌های صفات برای اثر متقابل، بالاترین وزن غده در بوته، عملکرد غده کل و قابل‌فروش با مصرف 50 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی و 400 کیلوگرم اسید هیومیک حاصل شد. بر اساس نتایج، برای هر دو رقم، دریافت 50 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی NPK همراه با 400 کیلوگرم اسید هیومیک برای دستیابی به عملکرد غده کل و قابل‌فروش بالا قابل توصیه است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Different Levels of Humic Acid and NPK Fertilizers on Yield and Mini-Tubers Quality of Two Potato Cultivars in Ardebil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masood Gafari 1
  • Reza Tagizadeh 2
  • Davoud Hasanpanah 3
چکیده [English]

This research was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of humic acid and NPK fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of mini-tubers of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars in the research farm of Zare Gostar -Arta Agricultural Co. in the province of Ardebil in 2016. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor consisted of three levels of humic acid (0, 200 and 400kg.ha-1), the second factor including the compound NPK 20-20-20 fertilizer combination at zero (control) and 50kg.ha-1, and the third factor was the mini-tuber of two potato cultivars Agria and Sprite. According to the results, potato cultivars and different levels of humic acid were significantly different for all studied traits.The effect of fertilizer (NPK) on all traits except the number of main stems per plant and the number of tubers per plant was significant. The interaction between cultivar×humic acid in terms of plant height and the number of main stems, the interaction between cultivar×NPK only in terms of plant height and interactions of humic acid×NPK in terms of plant height, tuber weight per plant, tuber yield and tuber yield were significant. Interaction of cultivar×humic acid×NPK cultivar was significant only in terms of tuber weight per plant, yield, tuber yield and tuber dry matter percentage. Comparison of simple effects means showed the highest number of tubers per plant, specific gravity and percentage of starch were obtained using 400 kg of humic acid and the highest specific gravity and percentage of starch at 50 kg NPK fertilizer level. According to the comparison of the mean of traits for interaction, the highest tuber weight per plant, marketable and total tuber yield were obtained by using 50 kg of fertilizer and 400 kg of humic acid. Based on the results, for both cultivars, 50kg.ha-1 of NPK fertilizers with 400kg/ha of humic acid is recommended to achieve high marketable and total tuber yield.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical Fertilizer
  • Humic Acid
  • Mini-tubers
  • Potato
  • Tuber Yield
Allison MF, Flowler EJ and Allen JH. 2001. Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to potassium fertilizers. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 136(4): 407-426.
Ashraf MW, Saqib N and Sarfraz TB. 2005. Biological effect of bio-fertilizer humic acid on mung beans (Vigna radiata L.). Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2(3): 737- 739.
Awad EIMM and EI-Ghamry AM. 2007. Effect of humic acid effective microorganisms (EM) and magnesium on potato in clayey soil. Journal of Agriculture Science. Mansoura University, 32(9): 7629-7639.
Ayas H and Gulser F. 2005. The effect of sulfur and humic acid on yield components and macronutrient contents of spinach. Journal of biological sciences, 5(6): 801- 804.
Azam Shah, S, Mohammad W, Shahzadi SS, Elahi R, Ali A, Basir A and Haroon A. 2016. The effect of foliar application of urea, humic acid and micronutrients on potato crop. Iran Agricultural Research, 35(1): 89-94.
Beukema HP and Vanderzaag DE. 2004. Introduction to potato production. Translated by Rezaei, A.M. and A. Soltani. Fourth Edition. Jehad University Press, Mashad. 179pp. (In Persian).
Bolandi AR and Hamidi H. 2008. Effect of microtuber size and planting density on minituber production in potato. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 10(3): 208-218. (In Persian. (
Buono V, Paradiso A, Serio F, Gonnella M, Gara L de and Santamaria P. 2009. Tuber quality and nutritional components of "early" potato subjected to chemical haulm desiccation. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22(6): 556- 562.
Burton WG. 1948. The potato. Chapman and Hall, London.
Chen Y and T Aviad. 1990. Effect of humic substances on plant growth. In: MacCarthy P, Clapp CE, Malcolm RL and Bloom PR, editors. Humic Substances in Soil and Crop Sciences: Selected Readings). Soil Science Society America, Madison, WI. pp: 161-187.
Delfine S, Tognetti R, Desiderio E and Alvino A. 2005. Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 25(2): 183-191.
Effatnezhad M and Safaridolatabad S. 2014. Effect of humic acid on different cultivars of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum). International Journal of Biosciences, 5(12): 12-17.
El-Sayed Hameda EA, Saif-El-Dean A, Ezzat S and El-Morsy AHA. 2011. Responses of productivity and quality of sweet potato to phosphorus fertilizer rates and application methods of the humic acid. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science, 1(9): 383-393.
Fong SS, Seng L and Mat HB. 2007. Reuse of nitric acid in the oxidative pretreatment step for preparation of humic acids from Low Rank Coal of Mukah, Sarawak. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 18(1): 41-46.
Ghannad M, Ashraf S and Alipour Z. 2014. Enhancing yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber using an integrated fertilizer management. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 7(10), 742-748.
Ghasemi E, Toglo M and Zabihi H. 2012. Effect of nitrogen, potassium and humic acid on vegetative growth, nitrogen and potassium uptake of potato minituber in greenhouse condition. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Iran, 8 (1): 56-39. (In Persian. (
Harfoush EA, Abdel-Razzek AH, El-Adgham FI and El-Sharkawy AM. 2017. Effects of humic acid and chitosan under different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on growth and yield potential of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum, L.).Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research, 62(1): 135‐148.
 Jami Moeini M, Modarres Sanavy SAM, Keshavarz P, Sorooshzadeh A and Ganjeali A, 2010. Relationship between root morphological characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency in six potato cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8(3): 444-454. (In Persian).
Kaur L, Singh N and Sodhi NS. 2002. Some properties of potatoes and their starches II. Morphological, thermal and rheological properties of starches. Food Chemistry, 79(2): 183-192.
Kaya M, Atak CY, Ciftci S and Unver M. 2005. Effects of zinc and humic acid applications on yield and some yield components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 9(3): 21-33.
Kleinkopf GE, Westermann DT, Wille MJ and Kleinscmidt GD. 1987. Specific gravity of russet Burbank potatoes. American Potato Journal, 64: 579-587.
Maccarthy P. 2001. The principles of humic substances. Soil Science, 166(11): 738-751.
Mahmoud Asmaa R and Hafez Magda M. 2010. Increasing productivity of potato plants (Solanum tubersoum L.) by using potassium fertilizer and humic acid application. International Journal of Academic Research, 2(2): 83-88.
Mohammadzade Motlagh R. 2014. Determine of suitable age's potato seedlings from meristem cultuer for transfer to greenhouse in granular humic fertilizer presentation. M.Sc Thesis Islamic Azad University, Astara Branch. (In Persian. (
Motalebifard R, Najafi N and Oustan S, 2016. Effects of zinc and phosphorus on nutrients, starch and reducing sugar concentrations of potato tubers under with or without water deficit stress. Journal of Water and Soil- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 30(2): 497-510. (In Persian)
Motalebifard R, Najafi N, Oustan S, Nyshabouri MR and Valizadeh M, 2014. Effects of soil moisture, phosphorus and zinc levels on the growth attributes of potato in greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Water and Soil Research, 45(1): 75-86. (In Persian).
Motalebifard R, Najafi N, Oustan S, Nyshabouri MR and Valizadeh M, 2013. The combined effects of phosphorus and zinc on evapotranspiration, leaf water potential, water use efficiency and tuber attributes of potato under water deficit conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 162: 31-38.
Nizamuddin M, Mahmood M, Farooq K and Riaz S. 2003. Response of potato crop to various level of NPK. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2(2): 149-151.
Ozkaynak E and Samanci B. 2005. Yeild and yield components of greenhouse, field and seed bed grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets. Akdeniz University Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi (Turkey), 18(1): 125-129.
Qadri RWK, Khan I, Jahangir MM, Ashraf U, Samin G, Anwer A, Adnan M and Bashir M. 2015. Phosphorous and foliar applied nitrogen improved productivity and quality of potato. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(01), 144-149.
Samadian H. 2014.Study the effects of poultry litter fortified with humic acid on yield of potato cv. Agria minituber. M.Sc Thesis Islamic Azad University, Astara Branch. (In Persian. (
Samavat S, Malakuti M. 2005. Important use of organic acid (humic and fulvic) for increase quantity and quality agriculture productions. Water and soil researchers' technical issue, 463: 1-13.
Sangeetha M, Singaram P and Uma Devi R. 2006. Effect of lignite humic acid and fertilizer on yield of onion and nutrient availability. Proceedings of the 18th World Congress of Soil Science, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 163.
Sanli A, Karadogan T and Tonguc M. 2013. Effects of leonardite applications on yield and some quality parameters of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 18(1), 20-26
Sasaki T, Yasui T and Matsuki J. 2000. Effect of amylose content on gelatinization, retrogradation and pasting properties of starches from waxy and non-waxy wheat and their F1 seeds. Cereal Chemistry, 77(1): 58-63.
Selim EM, Shedeed SI, Asaad FF and El-Neklawy AS. 2012. Interactive effects of humic acid and water stress on chlorophyll and mineral nutrient contents of potato plants. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(1): 531-537.
Sims JT and Sharpley AN. 2005. Phosphorus: Agriculture and the environment. American Society of Agronomy, Inc, Wisconsin USA.
Singh SK and Lal SS. 2012. Effect of potassium nutrition on potato yield, quality and nutrient use efficiency under varied levels of nitrogen application. Potato Journal, 39(2): 155-165.
Susilawati K, Ahmed OH, Nik Muhammad AM and Khanif MY. 2009. Effect of organic based N fertilizer on dry matter (Zea mays L.), ammonium and nitrate recovery in an acid soil of Sarawak, Malaysia. American Journal of Applied Science, 6(7): 1282-1287.
Suzuki A, Shibanuma K, Takeda Y, Abe J and Hizukuri S. 1994. Structure and pasting roperties of potato starches from jaga kids purple 90 and red 90. Journal of Applied Glycoscience, 41,425-432.
Verlinden G, Pycke B, Mertens J, Debersaques F, Verheyen K, Baert G, Brifs J and Haesaert G. 2009. Application of humic substances results in consistent increases in crop yield and nutrient uptake. Journal of Plant Nutrients, 32(9): 1407-1426.
Yaghbani M and Mohammadzadeh J. 2006. Study on physico-chemical properties of starch from potato cultivars in Golestan province. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2 (4), 71-79. (In Persian).
Zelalem A, Tekalign T and Nigussie D. 2009. Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to different rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on vertisols at Debre Berhan, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. African Journal of Plant Science, 3(2): 16-24.